The Rotterdam study found that polymorphisms (haplotype 1) of estrogen receptor-β (ESR2) were associated with an increased risk of open-angle glaucoma in males but not in females, while no haplotypes of estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) altered the risk of developing glaucoma in either sex (Voogd et al. 2008). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and glaucoma.