AXIN1 and lung carcinoma: In human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the conserved lncRNA-FAST binds to the WD40 domain of the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP, inhibiting the ubiquitination of β-catenin by β-TrCP, resulting in the accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus.64 In metastatic tissues of lung cancer, lncRNA-JPX inhibits the expression of GSK-3β and promotes the transfer of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.65 In addition, lncRNA-LALR1 in hepatocytes reduces the expression of AXIN1 by recruiting CTCF from the promoter of AXIN1.