Moreover, studies in the prenatal methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rat model of schizophrenia, which shows a loss of parvalbumin GABA interneurons and hyperactivity in the VH, also reported the absence of LI, which was mediated by reduced conditioning in the NPE group (Flagstad et al., 2005; Lodge et al., 2009). The gene discussed is PVALB; the disease is schizophrenia.