GSEA analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the top upregulated pathways in GM-CSF-treated human “EBI-like” macrophages include Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), inflammatory-mediator regulation of TRP channels, antigen processing and presentation, AMPK, PI3K-AKT, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (Fig. 2E). Here, CSF2 is linked to graft versus host disease.