VCAM1 and neoplasm: Four of the 14 hub genes, namely, C5AR1, CXCL12, CCL19, and VCAM1, participated in numerous enriched functions, such as cell chemotaxis, regulation of the function of neutrophils, and NF-kappa B pathways, which potentially facilitated the growth of MCTVTs and establishment of the tumour-friendly microenvironment.