MMP1 and neoplasm: After surviving in the immunocompromised hosts, MCTVTs expressed numerous tumour-associated biomarkers (Fig. 6), including 3 well-known malignant genes or therapeutic target candidates, APOC1, MMP-1, and KMO. APOC1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and a high level of APOC1 indicates a poor prognosis.