Inhibition of each one of these oncogenic pathways in pancreatic cancer can provide a limited benefit or is associated with chemoresistance through upregulation of other pathways, while, their simultaneous inhibition, for example, concurrent inhibition of PI3K and MEK pathways can conceivably improve treatment efficacy.93,100 Targeting c-Myc as the common downstream of several oncogenic pathways in pancreatic cancer may bring more favorable outcomes than targeting each one of them, alone (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K7 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.