GLUL and neoplasm: Increased expression of glutamine synthetase reverses glutamine deficiency, improves tumor cells viability, and enhances nucleotide and amino acid transport.43 Similarly, it was observed that higher blood glutamine uptake by pancreatic cancer cells is associated with their invasive behavior and progression from pancreatic intraepithelial lesions to invasive pancreatic cancer.44 C-Myc reprograms metabolic pathways of pancreatic cancer cells to overcome their limitations (Figure 1).