TGFB1 and lung carcinoma: Again, HA is implicated in EMT through EGF or TGF-β1 signaling in lung cancer cell line A549, where TGF-β1 upregulates HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3 expressions and augments CD44 expression interacts with EGFR, leading to the activation of the downstream signaling AKT and ERK pathways (139).