INS and cancer: In contrast, the downregulated genes unique to the cell types are involved in signaling pathways such as NOD-like, TNF, T-cell receptor, MAPK, HIF-1, p53, PI3K-Akt, insulin, hippo, Rap1 and mechanisms such as thyroid hormone synthesis, cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, apoptosis, ferroptosis, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, central carbon metabolism in cancer, homologous recombination, pyrimidine and gluthathione metabolism, CAMs etc.