VCL and neoplasm: The previous studies showed that tumor-suppressing proteins, enriched in a group of iTSC CMs, include polyubiquitin C, enolase 1, Hsp90ab1, moesin, Eef2, histone H4, vinculin, and peptidylprolyl isomerase B. Notably, many of these proteins such as Hsp90ab1 and moesin function as a tumor suppressor in the extracellular domain in iTSC CM while a tumor promoter in the intracellular domain 30.