CD274 and neoplasm: We are the first to report that nintedanib and αPD-L1 combination treatment not only increased the infiltration and activation of immune cells in tumor tissues through normalization of tumor blood vessels, but also upregulated the expression of PD-L1 and activated the MHC-I-mediated antigen processing and presentation process, thus improving the efficacy of immunotherapy and overcoming partial ICI resistance (Figure 10).