The MIF signaling axis has also recently garnered interest as a target given the high levels of the MIF non-cognate receptor CXCR2 expressed on MDSCs and the enhanced CD8+ T cell activity observed in the tumor microenvironment following treatment with ibudilast, an inhibitor of MIF-CD74 interactions (Alban et al., 2020). Here, CXCR2 is linked to neoplasm.