In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the combination of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 has been shown to delay time to deterioration compared to chemotherapy and resulted in an overall response rate of 30% in the CheckMate 568 study of 288 patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC (Ready et al., 2019; Reck et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.