Furthermore, in a time course experiment where EMT was induced in A549 lung cancer cells by treatment with TGFβ over 96 hours, the failure of sustained expression of ZEB1 was correlated with a visibly lower level of PD-L1 levels, hinting towards a likely causal role of ZEB1 in enhanced PD-L1 expression levels. This evidence concerns the gene ZEB1 and lung carcinoma.