Moreover, TLRs are involved in the activation of the immune response causing a cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, where TLR-3, -7, -8 through viral RNA recognition triggers the activation of JAK/STAT, NF-kB, AP-1 signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokines (152, 153). This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and COVID-19.