After finding that ephA2 levels are increased in inflamed sinonasal mucosa derived from CRS patients and upregulated in epithelial cells infected with RV and stimulated with TLR 3 agonist, poly(I:C), the functional significance of ephA2 receptor signaling was evaluated by analyzing the production of chemokines induced by RV and poly(I:C). This evidence concerns the gene EPHA2 and congenital rubella syndrome.