Similarly, in other solid tumors, RFA can not only reduce the proportions of immunosuppressive cells (including Treg cells, tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils), but increase the T cell infiltration as well as expression of the immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 [LAG3]) in RFA-treated tumors and distant non-RFA tumors (70, 71). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.