SH2D3A and infection: Interestingly, in the infection stage, nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) from SARS-CoV-2 bound to the host ribosome and hijacked it to (1) disrupt the mechanism of host cellular translation and protein production (2), inhibiting all cellular antiviral defense mechanisms (3), initiating translation of viral mRNAs and subsequently viral protein production, and (4) increasing viral replication efficiency (329–335).