Taken together, the detection of the most down-regulated genes (52.14%) and the enrichment of few immune/disease related pathways (n=5), including those enriched with mostly down-regulated genes (IL-17 signaling pathway, Malaria and Rheumatoid arthritis) in the ILLN potentially dampens their activities and could be one of the mechanisms used by MAP to subvert host responses and promote its long-term survival. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and rheumatoid arthritis.