PPIB and Cognitive impairment: For example, Xu et al. (2020) reported that yeast β-glucan promoted alleviation of Aβ1–42-induced cognitive deficits by enriching the beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) and reducing the pathogenic bacteria (Oscillibacter, Mucispirillum, Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Rikenella).