SOD2 and Cognitive impairment: PSM-04, an extract of RP, exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against neurotoxicity induced by L-glutamate or oligomeric Aβ, decreased oxidative stress induced by H2O2, and decreased apoptotic cell death induced by oligomeric Aβ in primary cortical neurons (36); in addition, PSM-04 significantly alleviated cognitive impairments in 5xFAD transgenic mice by increasing superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) protein levels, alleviating cognitive impairment, and decreasing amyloid plaque deposition (36).