VEGFD and Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1: The alterations of growth factors, including EGF, HGF, placental growth factor-1 (PIGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D), in IC/BPS patients, are shown in Table 4 to display the differences before and after dextrose prolotherapy along with their comparison with healthy controls at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of follow-up.