GPT and neoplasm: Co-treatment of GPT and PTX inhibited expressions of CSC related genes including octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), NANOG, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), and CD44 gene expression, indicating that cell stemness-mediated invasion and tumor growth were inhibited by GPT and PTX.