HIF1A and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Additionally, SOD1 genetic models of ALS exhibit altered responses to hypoxia, which may exacerbate their susceptibility to hypoxic stress (Cimini et al., 2014), and elevated levels of hypoxia responsive elements including ANG, apoptosis inducing factor and HIF-1α (Zhang et al., 2011) are observed in both ALS patients (Cronin et al., 2006; van Es et al., 2014; Morelli et al., 2020) and mouse models (Xu et al., 2011).