S100A9 and neoplasm: For example, tasquinimod, a second-generation oral quinoline-3-carboxamide that has been shown to bind S100A9 in the tumor microenvironment, blocks engagement of S100A9 with RAGE, and thus, prevents activation of downstream signaling pathways that lead to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Kierdorf and Fritz, 2013; Chen et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2018).