Significantly up-regulated DDR markers, phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) and ATM (p-ATM), cleaved PARP1, and 53BP1 were shown in the lumbar spinal cord from C9orf72-positive ALS patients (Farg et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.