TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Liver cancer stem cell (LIHC) subpopulations, just like CSCs in other tumors, are equipped with classic surface markers such as EpCAM, CD133, CD44, CD13, CD90, etc. In addition, agents targeting molecules in CSC pathways, like OMP-18R5, OMP-54F28 (Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor), and LY2157299 (TGF-β inhibitor) are progressing to clinical trials for the supplement of HCC therapeutic strategies32.