TGFB1 and preeclampsia: Although some studies have shown that plasma levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 are elevated in patients with preeclampsia (Djurovic et al., 1997; Shaarawy et al., 2001; Peracoli et al., 2008), others have not found any differences in serum or placental levels of TGF-βs (Lyall et al., 2001; Perucci et al., 2014).