Activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD-2) and toll-like receptor (TLR) on monocytes or basophils of IgG4-AIP patients activates the B-cell-activating factor (BAFF), leading to an enhancement of the IgG4 response. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and autoimmune pancreatitis.