Invention of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy targeting the programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) has revolutionized RCC treatment (9–12). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is renal cell adenocarcinoma.