TP53 and diabetes mellitus: The following factors were subjected to univariate analysis to identify those significantly associated with postoperative recurrence or progression of large and giant PAs: age, gender, history of hypertension and diabetes, smoking history, drinking history, BMI (<25 kg/m2/≧25 kg/m2), clinical function, surgical method (endoscopic/microscope), cavernous sinus invasion, spinous sinus invasion, suprasellar invasion, Hardy classification, Knosp classification, extent of resection (GTR >95%, NTR 90%-95%, STR 70%-90% and PR <70%), P53 and Ki-67 (<3%/≥3%).