The main findings of the current research included the following aspects (1) TFEB rs1062966 SNP and rs14063G–rs1062966T–rs2278068C–rs1015149C haplotypes in the total population’s TFEB gene are associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment, whereas rs14063 SNP and rs14063A–rs1062966C–rs2278068C–rs1015149T haplotypes increase the risk of cognitive impairment. The gene discussed is TFEB; the disease is Cognitive impairment.