CSF1 and cancer: Thus, high expression of ZEB1 related to a poor prognosis in most cancers, including ovarian carcinoma.43Marlies Cortés indicated that ZEB1 increased the interaction between cancer cells and macrophages by combining to the regulatory regions of target gene.44 Our results showed only ZEB1 was responsible for M2-TAMs polarization by binding to M-CSF, which is a key macrophage-lineage cytokine to induce the functional M2-TAMs in metastases environment.19 As a result of that, OvCa cells in the spheroid secreted abundant of M-CSF to promote the polarization of M2-TAMs.