Other follicular development-related genes include Foxo3a and Foxo1. Ding et al. found that UCMSCs on a collagen scaffold can activate primordial follicles in vitro via phosphorylation of FOXO3a and FOXO1, and transplantation of collagen/UCMSCs to the ovaries of POF patients can elevate estradiol concentrations, improve follicular development and increase the number of antral follicles (Ding et al., 2018). Here, FOXO3 is linked to premature menopause.