Of the small number of studies that have investigated the role of urine markers in the diagnosis of UTI in children (12–17), urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP), Clara cell protein (CC16), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) showed potential in differentiating between UTI and other sources of fever. Here, SCGB1A1 is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.