We examined the presence of abnormal ECM deposition and microenvironment change in CRC using TGF-β challenge of human CRC epithelial cells and assessing the levels of COL1A1 proteins over a time course (6, 12, 24, and 48 h, Figure 3A and Supplementary Figure S1A). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma.