Considering that nivolumab is recommended as the preferred second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients without ALK or EGFR mutations regardless of their PD-L1 expression in China, evidence regarding the impact of PD-L1 test results on the comparative cost-effectiveness of second-line nivolumab versus docetaxel from a Chinese health system perspective is urgently needed to inform Chinese healthcare policy making. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.