Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of TIF markers including fibronectin (FN), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen-I (COL-I) in the kidney tissue of 5/6Nx CKD rats were increased significantly, and markedly inhibited after rhubarb enema treatment (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and chronic kidney disease.