Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα have been described in brains and in the blood of both, patients after stroke and in epilepsy (Table 1; Stellwagen et al., 2005; Doll et al., 2014; Nguyen et al., 2016; Zrzavy et al., 2017; Pedre et al., 2018a; Rana and Musto, 2018; Wimmer et al., 2018; Vezzani et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Stroke.