Some studies have shown that NM23-H1/H2 might exert its anti-metastatic effect through blockage of Ras/extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling.[72,73] Boissan et al[7] identified that the deficiency of NM23, via knockdowning NM23-H1 in hepatoma and colon carcinoma cell lines, increased expression of several pro-invasive signaling pathways such as the Akt and mitogen-activited protein kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathways. This evidence concerns the gene NME1 and colon carcinoma.