AIRE and Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1: We studied mice and humans with Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also known as Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1), a monogenic autoimmune disorder characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene [210].