Additionally, a decrease in GSH levels is one of the earliest biochemical alterations detected in association with PD and GSH itself regulates dopaminergic cell death through a wide variety of homeostatic processes.[55] In fact, depletion of GSH was demonstrated to induce degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in adult rats,[56] possibly by promoting the increase of nitrosative stress.[57] By stimulating the upregulation of the transcripts of glutathione reductase (GSR), the enzyme which converts GSSG into GSH, the LMWPM in study can be counteracting another important PD hallmark. The gene discussed is GSR; the disease is Parkinson disease.