To identify pan-ALS transcriptomic perturbations, we performed a meta-analysis of VCP, C9orf72, SOD1, and FUS mutant hiPSC-derived astrocytes, accounting for batch effects between data sets (totaling 13 mutant lines and 14 control lines) (Fig. 2A). The gene discussed is VCP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.