LEFse analysis to further evaluate the differences in these dominant genera between patients with NSCLC in the low- and high-PD-L1 groups showed that the genus Neisseria, which belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria, was significantly more abundant in the low-PD-L1 group (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.037), and was also the genus with the greatest influence on the distinction between the two groups, with an LDA (linear discriminant analysis) score of 4.56 (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.