TNF and asthma: While IPA upstream modulators analysis found the main drivers of the response for COPD were IFNγ and TGFβ1, and involvement of the oxidative stress transcriptional regulators (BCL2L1, NFE2L2/Nrf2), and extracellular matrix regulators (BMP6, ITGB6) (Figure S7B), main drivers of response for asthma were pro‐inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL‐1β, IL‐6) and the transcriptional regulators (HDAC, CAV1, MAP4k4, Wnt, and SOX2).