TNF and COVID-19: Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL) IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; also known as CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α; also known as CCL3), CXC-chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), RANTES (also known as CCL5), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and D-dimer, are upregulated systemically in severe COVID-19 cases [6,7].