Because TLR4 activation by ligands such as LPS was one of the dominant causes for severe sepsis in bacterial infection, and TLR4 inhibition by TAK-242 alleviated fatal infection by MHV-A59 [7,56,57], we reasoned that ACSL1 upregulation may be the consequence of TLR4 signaling activation. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and infection.