In the setting of cancer, the tumour microenvironment (TME) is profoundly immunosuppressive both in the generation of a hypoxic state, metabolic acidosis and glucose competition and the evolution of mechanisms selected to recruit leukocytes and skew their development towards immune suppressive cells such as MDSC, T-regs, or TAMs, which produce cytokines such as IL-10, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, the enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, arginases, or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.