Oxidative stress is implicated in the development of cognitive impairment, and polyphenols and anthocyanins have been shown to modulate and regulate the downstream expression of antioxidant enzymes via nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the ERK/CREB/BDNF signalling pathway [60,65,66], and increase monoamine neurotransmitter content and inhibit monoamine oxidases in the brain [39]. This evidence concerns the gene CREB1 and Cognitive impairment.