AKT1 and cancer: Regarding anti-cancer mechanisms of CUR, it has to be said that several signaling pathways are affected by that, for example, JAK (Janus Activated Kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator), PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinases)/Akt, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), NF-ĸB, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, and apoptosis-related signaling (Figure 3).