PTGS2 and cancer: Generally, the inappropriate production of TNF-α and NO, as well as high iNOS and COX-2 protein and gene expression were found to be related to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory related diseases [44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51] such as AIDS, Alzheimer’s, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, stroke, multiple sclerosis, obesity, and Parkinson’s disease.