CD4 and neoplasm: Compared with the saline group, TMNPs + HT treatment increased the proportion of CD3+ cells by 108.5% (Figure 5E), CD4+ helper T cells by 73.9% and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by 325.8%, respectively (Figure 5F,G), among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, suggesting that the MMST/PTX combination treatment promoted the functional T cell-mediated anti-tumor response.