PTX@TF assembled on the surface of MMST-loaded LTSTs (MMST/LTSLs) spontaneously through hydrophobic interaction and formed hybrid nanoparticles (transferrin-mediated nanoparticles, TMNPs), which were designed to co-deliver MMST and PTX, respectively, to the TME and cancer cells for chemoimmunotherapy in breast cancer. This evidence concerns the gene TF and cancer.